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Python Imaging Library

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Python Imaging Library</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Fredrik Lundh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Secret Labs AB</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1995 (1995)<a href="#cite_note-license-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">1.1.7

/ November 15, 2009 (2009-11-15)<a href="#cite_note-website-3">[3]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle#Beta" title="Software release life cycle">Preview release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">1.2a0<a href="#cite_note-hg-2">[2]</a>

/ 2011 (2011)</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Library for <a href="Image_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Image processing">image processing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Historical_Permission_Notice_and_Disclaimer" title="Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer">Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer</a><a href="#cite_note-license-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://python-pillow.github.io/">python-pillow.github.io</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Pillow</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Jeffrey A. Clark (Alex)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">31 July 2010 (2010-07-31)<a href="#cite_note-license-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">11.1.0

/ January 2, 2025 (2025-01-02)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Library for <a href="Image_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Image processing">image processing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Historical_Permission_Notice_and_Disclaimer" title="Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer">Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer</a><a href="#cite_note-license-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://python-pillow.github.io/">python-pillow.github.io</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

Python Imaging Library is a <a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source</a> additional <a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">library</a> for the <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python programming language</a> that adds support for opening, <a href="Image_editing" title="Image editing">manipulating</a>, and saving many different <a href="Image_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Image file formats">image file formats</a>. It is available for <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, Mac OS X and <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>. The latest version of PIL is 1.1.7, was released in September 2009 and supports Python 1.5.2–2.7.<a href="#cite_note-website-3">[3]</a>

Development of the original project, known as PIL, was discontinued in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-hg-2">[2]</a> Subsequently, a successor project named Pillow <a href="Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forked</a> the PIL repository and added Python 3.x support.<a href="#cite_note-pillow-5">[5]</a> This fork has been adopted as a replacement for the original PIL in <a href="Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a> including <a href="Debian_GNU/Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Debian GNU/Linux">Debian</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> and <a href="Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> (since <a href="Ubuntu_version_history#1304" title="Ubuntu version history">13.04</a>).<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capabilities">Capabilities</h2></div>

PIL offers several standard procedures for image manipulation. These include:

<ul><li>per-pixel manipulations,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li>

<li>masking and transparency handling,</li>

<li>image filtering, such as blurring, contouring, smoothing, or edge finding,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li>

<li>image enhancing, such as sharpening, adjusting brightness, contrast or color,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li>

<li>adding text</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="File_formats">File formats</h2></div>

Supported file formats include <a href="Netpbm_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Netpbm format">PPM</a>, <a href="Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a>, <a href="JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a>, <a href="GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a>, <a href="TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a>, and <a href="BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format">BMP</a>.

PIL is extensible, allowing users to create custom decoders for any file format.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming_examples">Programming examples</h2></div>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-python mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>import os

from PIL import Image

def convert_jpegs_to_pngs(folder_path):

# Checks if the provided path is a folder

if not os.path.isdir(folder_path):

print(f"Error: {folder_path} is not a valid folder.")

return

# Iterates over all files in the folder

for filename in os.listdir(folder_path):

# Checks if the file has a .jpg or .jpeg extension

if filename.lower().endswith(".jpg") or filename.lower().endswith(".jpeg"):

# Full path of the file

jpeg_path = os.path.join(folder_path, filename)

# Path for the converted file

png_path = os.path.join(folder_path, os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + ".png")

try:

# Opens the JPEG image

with Image.open(jpeg_path) as img:

# Converts and saves as PNG

img.save(png_path, "PNG")

print(f"Converted {jpeg_path} to {png_path}")

except Exception as e:

print(f"Error converting {jpeg_path}: {e}")

</pre></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200720222143/http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/license.htm">"Software License"</a>. Secret Labs AB. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/license.htm">the original</a> on 20 July 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-hg-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hg_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hg_2-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315041249/http://hg.effbot.org/pil-2009-raclette">"effbot / pil-2009-raclette"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hg.effbot.org/pil-2009-raclette">the original</a> on 15 March 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-website-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-website_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-website_3-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201121102218/http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/">"Python Imaging Library"</a>. Secret Labs AB. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/">the original</a> on 21 November 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2013.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/">"Release Notes"</a>. Pillow (PIL Fork) Documentation. Retrieved February 5, 2025.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-pillow-5"><a href="#cite_ref-pillow_5-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pillow.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">"Pillow: a modern fork of PIL"</a>. Retrieved December 8, 2013.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://packages.debian.org/sid/python-imaging">"Details of package python-imaging in sid"</a>. packages.debian.org. <a href="Software_in_the_Public_Interest" title="Software in the Public Interest">Software in the Public Interest</a>. Retrieved December 8, 2013.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://packages.ubuntu.com/raring/python/python-imaging">"Details of package python-imaging in raring"</a>. ubuntu.com. <a href="Canonical_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Ltd.">Canonical Ltd.</a> Retrieved December 8, 2013.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/PyAccess.html">"PyAccess Module"</a>. readthedocs.io. Retrieved September 20, 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/ImageFilter.html">"ImageFilter Module"</a>. readthedocs.io. Retrieved September 20, 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/ImageColor.html">"ImageColor Module"</a>. readthedocs.io. Retrieved September 20, 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://effbot.org/imagingbook/decoder.htm">"D. Writing Your Own File Decoder"</a>. Effbot.org. Retrieved 2014-01-28.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201121102218/http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/">Official website</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200914010747/https://effbot.org/imagingbook/">PIL Library reference</a></li>

<li> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python_Imaging_Library" class="extiw external" title="wikibooks:Python Imaging Library">Python Imaging Library</a> at Wikibooks</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://python-pillow.github.io/">Pillow (Successor project)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gethowstuff.com/python-pillow-pil-tutorial-examples/">PIL Tutorial Examples</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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